All posts by techspoon

Clean Energy is The Best Choice for All of Us

Even if you don’t give a rat’s tooshie about climate change, there are tons of great reasons to support a shift from using fossil fuels as energy to using clean energy. For your convenience, here are four reasons to switch to clean energy for you to consider.

1) Energy independence.

The US was still the top net importer of oil in the world as of 2012.  Contrast that with other countries around the world that rely on renewable energy.  In 2015, Denmark got so much energy from renewable sources (wind and solar), that they were powering 140% of their demand! That means they were selling their excess power to neighboring countries.

In the US, if we chose to devote our efforts to expanding solar and wind power to cover our electricity needs, we wouldn’t have to worry about oil/coal/natural gas shortages EVER AGAIN. Booyah, energy independence.

2) Protecting your health.

The fossil fuel industry has a bad track record of playing fast and loose with your health. With no exceptions, we all need to breath air, drink water, and eat food. Every year more than 30,000 American citizens die early because of air pollution. More than 600,000 Americans have asthma attacks because of air quality, resulting in thousands of hospital and emergency room visits.

The bottom line is that solar and wind don’t threaten your health and the health of those you care about the same way that fossil fuels do.

3) Protecting your property and natural habitats you enjoy using recreationally.

Burning fossil fuels has a huge cost, but the fossil fuel companies are not paying those costs.  If you hunt, fish, or just hike outdoors, fossil fuel usage is threatening your fun. As the Recreational Boating & Fishing Foundation puts it, “How will you feel if you go fishing and your favorite river is so polluted that the fish have died?”

Even if power generators are following emissions/pollution laws, that doesn’t mean the surrounding areas are free from harm. So if you want to preserve your beloved land for work or pleasure, you should consider supporting clean energy instead of fossil fuels.

4) Maintaining the “chemical feedstock.”

You’re probably thinking, “what? Why should I care about this one?” So glad you asked. Our lives are phenomenally dependent on products derived from fossil fuels it is crazy. Almost anything you interact with in your house or work, not to mention your health and safety, depends on turning coal, oil, and natural gas into chemicals that become products you buy.

For example, the medical industry depends on plastic disposables to cut back on disease transmission. Back in the old days, hospitals had to re-use glass and metal equipment and just hope they sterilized it properly. Not so with disposables!

In your day-to-day life, if you buy food that uses plastic packaging, or if you drive a car that’s not 100% metal, if you use cleaning products to clean your bathroom and kitchen, if you wear clothes that aren’t made of cotton/wool/silk, you are indirectly using fossil fuels. The problem is, the more fossil fuels we burn for energy, the less we can turn into useful things we like to have in our daily life.

What Can I Do?

Call or write to your representatives and DEMAND that they support clean energy for the reasons listed above (and to combat climate change).

Check out resources that will help you lower your impact on the environment.

See if your state has an option to select clean energy for your house, like my home state of NC does.

The Hydraulic Fracturing Wastewater Dilemma

According to a recent Gallup poll, opinions on the process of hydraulic fracturing, or “fracking”, are divided largely along party lines, with Democrats opposed and Republicans in favor. Opposition is growing, however, and opposition groups frequently cite concerns about groundwater contamination.

On May 18-19, 2015, representatives from industry, government, and academia gathered to discuss the ongoing challenges of hydraulic fracturing at a workshop titled “Chemistry and Engineering of Shale Gas and Tight Oil Resource Development” hosted at the National Academy of Sciences.

Over the two days of discussion, industrial representatives made it clear that newer well drilling techniques and improved concrete standards should prevent water contamination issues that are occasionally seen in older wells. But a bigger problem has flown under the public’s radar: industrial wastewater formed during fracking, referred to as flowback water. During fracking, water is pushed underground under extremely high pressure to split open rock containing oil and gas. The resulting waste fluid extracted from the well is a mixture of oil, natural gas, and water.

Dr. Avner Vengosh, a Professor of Earth and Ocean Sciences at Duke University, discussed the properties and composition of the flowback water which returns to the surface with the oil and gas. Surprisingly, only a small percentage of injected water actually makes it back to the surface, with as much as 70% of the water unaccounted for. What happens to that 70% is a mystery.

In the water that does return to the surface, signature compounds of the rock below appear, including high concentrations of salts and naturally occurring radioactive compounds like strontium. The high salinity of flowback water renders most analytical chemistry techniques useless, making it difficult to know exactly what compounds are in the wastewater.

Oil and gas companies have little to no incentive to treat the water. As engineering professor at Texas Tech University Dr. Danny Rieble discussed, most wastewater decisions are driven by regulatory and economic considerations. For instance, in the Marseilles shale region around Pennsylvania, the cost of water disposal is what drove companies to pursue wastewater recycling.

If oil and gas companies did choose to purify wastewater to a drinkable quality, many regulations prevent reselling this water back to municipalities. Much of the wastewater is stored on site, leading to potential spills and leaks. Some of the radioactive wastewater is sent to the landfill, especially in areas that allow radioactive materials to be dumped.

Until regulations specify how this wastewater should be disposed, the economics of water purification and disposal will continue to drive industrial practice.

For further details, see the full summary of this workshop.

A World of Chemicals

I’ve always been fascinated by the unseen world around me.  Why does a freshly mown lawn smell so good?  What makes a mango taste like a mango?

I became a chemical engineer to discover more about the chemical world and to solve problems.  Throughout this blog, I’ll talk about how chemistry affects our daily lives, and how we can make choices to positively impact our environment.